Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California

Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California An ethical dilemma alludes to the mental conflict that emerges from differing moral goals. Confidentiality and the safeguarding all private information is essential in healthcare especially about the treatment of mental illness. Because of the privatization of mental health treatment coupled with the closing of many state institutions, emergency department doctors and nurses are often faced with patients who are a danger to themselves, family members.   A breach in privacy can negate the trust between the provider and the patient and lead to negative outcomes and legal issues however, concern for public safety must also be considered. The duty to warn others of the potential commitment of violent acts came to the forefront of healthcare in 1974(amended in 1976) in the case of Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California (Henderson, 2015). Details of the case Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, was a landmark case that dealt with the duty of mental health providers to notify those individuals who are threatened with harm. The Supreme Court in California heard The Tarasoff cased, which dealt with a complex area of tort law regarding duty owed of a medical provider to an individual to whom a threat of harm has been made. In 1969, while attending the University of California, Berkeley as an exchange student, Prosenjit Poddar met Tatiana Tarasoff.  Ã‚   After the demise of the relationship, Poddar became increasingly despondent and obsessed with Tarasoff. During this time, Poddar began outpatient treatment and was subsequently diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia by a psychologist at Berkley, Dr. Lawrence Moore. It was during one of the treatment sessions, Poddar that discussed his intention to harm an unidentified female. Although the intended victim was not named directly, Tarasoff was easily identified.   Dr. Moore, concerned for the safety of Tarasoff, requested to have Poddar detained by campus police. Dr. Moore then requested to have Poddar involuntarily committed, believing that he was suffering from an acute episode of paranoid schizophrenia. Poddar was detained by campus security but was released after a brief interview during which time he answered questions rationally. Poddar was warned to stay away from Tarasoff with no further action taken. After the release, Dr. Harvey Powelson, medical ordered the destruction of all notes taken by Dr. Moore as well as the returns of all letters from the police.   Tarasoff nor her parents were not notified of the threat. On October 27, 1969 Poddar viciously attacked Tarasoff, causing her death. Tarasoffs parents filed a lawsuit against Dr. Moore and employees at the University alleging that Poddar had confided his intention to kill Tarasoff, Additionally Dr.   Moore nor his associates failed to warn the Tarasoff family of the imminent threat against Tatiana. At trial, Poddar was convicted of second-degree murder.   The wide-ranging implications of the case focus on the health care provider-patient relationship. Because of this landmark case, health care providers have the duty to protect potential victims from harm caused by the patients under their care. As of 2014, thirty-three states have instituted a duty to warn law (Henderson, 2015). Defendants Argument Dr. Moore argues mental health providers cannot with certainty predict the likelihood that a patient with act on threats of violence. Dr. Moore and the medical team further state that a breach in confidentiality will have detrimental effects on treatment. Further, the act of warning by revelation of confidential information would constitute a breach of trust. Plaintiffs Argument Tarasoffs parents argued that Dr. Moore violated the professional standards by neither warning them of a patient considered to be dangerous, nor detaining a patient considered to be dangerous. The defendants also asserted that Dr. Moore and others abandoned a patient deemed dangerous by ordering the destruction of all therapeutic notes. The plaintiffs further argued that Dr. Moore failed to provide adequate follow up care with Poddar to ensure he was not a danger to himself nor the public. Summary of the ruling The ruling by the Supreme Courts required a balance between the need to protect privileged medical communication between a mental health provider and the patient to protect against potential threats.   The special relationship in this case is the one that is established between a patient and his mental health provider. Such a relationship may increase obligations of protection. A duty of care may arise from the establishment of a special relationship between the health care provider and patient which imposes a duty upon the clinician   to control the patients conduct, or a special relation between the provider and the other individual, which gives to the other a right of protection (Bersoff, 2014).   This relationship was crucial to the ruling regarding the circumstances of the Tarasoff case. When a health care provider has direct or indirect knowledge of information that a reasonable individual may determine that a patient may harm himself or others, this provider must exercis e reasonable and prudent judgement to prevent harm. The court in California ruled that mental health professionals have an obligation to both the patient and individuals who are threatened by a patient. Justice Mathew Tobriner ruled that protective privilege ends about public safety and further states that mental health providers should notify the authorities as they are charged with public safety. Lastly, about the liability of the officers who failed to detain Poddar, the court held that a public employee cannot be found liable for an injury resulting from a discretionary decision. Therefore, the police officers involved were granted immunity from prosecution. Summary argument The plaintiffs in this case presented the best legal argument. For example, the psychiatrist is found to violate the professional standards. Dr. Moore was to be held liable for the failing to protect and warn. Regardless of whether the plaintiffs interests are qualified for legitimate protection from the defendant under the law is relative to the establishment of a duty to care. Obligation of care is the aggregate of foreseeability, degree of certainty of harm to the individual, establishment of a special relationship. Once a health care provider, in this case psychotherapist, determines that a patient represents a genuine peril, he bears a lawful obligation to his patient, as well as to his patients intended victim. The pros and cons of the argument on each side By notifying the police, the provider tried to detain the defendant and protect the public after he became aware of an acute episode of paranoid schizophrenia. He did not warn nor protect the intended victim which eventually led to her death. Thus, the ruling was made in favor of the plaintiffs, the parents of Tatiana Tarasoff.   Despite the defendants argument that the more public good would be accomplished through the support of mental health treatment and complete protection of confidentiality of patients undergoing treatment. References Bersoff, D. N. (2014). Protecting victims of violent patients while protecting confidentiality. American Psychologist, 69(5), 461-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037198 Henderson, E. (2014).   Potentially dangerous patients: A review of the duty to warn.   Journal of emergency nursing, 41(3), 193-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2014.08.012 Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California. (2009). Scocal.stanford.edu. Retrieved 11 February 2017, from http://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/tarasoff-v-regents-university-california-30278

Time Management Outline

Name Date Purpose: Informative #1/ Time Management Introduction 1 Attention 2 What is time management? 1 Understanding time management 2 Why is managing my time efficiently important? 3 What is stealing my time 1 Identify what or who? 2 Learn to handle distractions 3 Be responsible for yourself 4 Am I procrastinating? 2 Credibility 1 Catherine Beecher 1 Advocate for women’s education 2 Emphasize the importance of female labor 1 Guide for time management book 2 Productive activities like education 2 Benjamin Franklin 1 Father’s system for â€Å"Order† Unpredictable claims 3 Dwight D. Eisenhower 3 Lead into the body 1. Time is very effective as a tool, if we know how to use it. 2. How can I know if I am managing my time correctly? Body A. Set goals 1. Mission statement a) What do I value the most? b) What is my life’s purpose a) What legacy do I want to leave to the world? b) What I am doing to accomplish it? 1. Long term goals a) Finish a master’s de gree b) Buy a house c) Have a family d) Start my doctorate’s degree 2. Intermediate goals (the next five years) a) Complete my degree b) Find a job ) Travel to Europe d) Graduate with honors 4. Short term goals a) Finish the semester b) Get associate’s degree c) Start a healthy diet d) Buy a car Transitional: Are you doing something to accomplish your goals? A. Use time Effectively 1. Where does your time go? a) Committed time 1) Studying 2) Working 3) Exercise b) Maintenance time 1) Eating 2) Sleeping 3) Grooming c) Discretionary time 1) Relationships ( Intellectual development 1. Where should your time go? a) Urgent priorities 1) Dropping a class 2) Paying fees 3) Turning in papers ) Important priorities 1) Attending every class 2) Planning tasks 3) Forming healthy relationships c) Ongoing activities 1) Identify if needed 2) Plan a wise time to do them d) Trivial activities 1) Mail 2) Facebook Transitional: Are you using your time effectively to achieve your goals? I f the answer was no, there are some strategies that you may want to know. B. Time-Management Strategies 1. Get organized a) Keep a calendar b) Create daily to-do list c) Study everywhere and anywhere d) Prepare the night before 2. Make it simpler ) Do the tough tasks first b) Break projects down into smaller tasks c) Study in short segments d) Study at your high-energy time 3. Keep a positive attitude a) Be flexible b) Patient c) Persistent d) Realistic 4. Control interruptions a) Create an organized place to study b) Determine your optimal time to study c) Create quite time d) Just say no Transition: On the other hand, one cannot forget that we are humans and we have strict needs; such as eating and socializing, for instance the word balance must remain in your life. C. Always in balance 1.Communicate with your family a) Clarify the importance of college b) Create a team work attitude at home 1. Increase physical and emotional energy a) Find relaxing activities b) Get enough rest c ) Eat healthy food 2. Create positive time a) Have quality time with your family b) Share ideas and worries c) Listen d) Communicate Transitional: The most difficult task to do is to accept we are doing something wrong, for this reason, Conclusion A. Time Management 1. Help yourself with a daily plan 2. Time can be used to your favor A. Succeed in College and Life . Keep in mind your goals 2. Manage your time to succeed 3. Create a balance life for yourself Resources 1. â€Å"Benjamin Franklin. † A Brief History of Time Management. Inc. Advertisement, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. 2. â€Å"A Treatise on Domestic Economy. † A Brief History of Time Management. Inc. Advertisement, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. 3. â€Å"Dwight D. Eisenhower. † A Brief History of Time Management. Inc. Advertisement, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. 4. Ferrett, Sharon K. Peak Performance: Success in College & beyond. Chicago: Irwin Mirror, 1997. Print.

Forever Typing Use of Fatherhood in “The Kite Runner”

â€Å"The Kite Runner† by Kahleed Hosseini has been deemed a ‘big hit’ by Craig Wilson, journalist for USA Today, selling more than 1.4 million copies, and requiring 17 printings at the time the article was printed, April, 2005. Some have called it a â€Å"certifiable phenomena for a first-time author in today’s anemic book market† (Singh), others still have said â€Å"is about the price of peace, both personal and political† (Hill). Hosseini has already made himself a success with The Kite Runner. Hosseini, in his novel The Kite Runner, illustrates that by being a father, one opens himself to a guilt that can destroy. In â€Å"The Kite Runner† there are many fathers we introduced to : Baba, Rahim Kahn, Ali, and eventually, the narrator, Amir. However, I†¦show more content†¦When Rahim Kahn tells Amir â€Å"There is a way to be good again†, he is not only referring to Amir’s sins, but his own as well (Hosseini 2). There is a way for us to redeem our sins. This is especially important to Rahim Kahn, who is also dying of a disease that is not named. This disease parallels Baba’s cancer in that is also symbolic of the guilt that Rahim Kahn has amassed over the years by being a father to both Hassan and Amir. The last father I will speak of is Amir. Amir is main narrative voice for most of the novel and thus serves as out storyteller. As we read â€Å"The Kite Runner†, it is in his narrative voice that we watch him grow from child to adolescent to adult to a father. The significance of this is that we don’t have that luxury for any of the other characters. There is a definitive change in tone from when Sohrab is going to live with Betty Caldwell and when Amir decided to take him to America. The tone becomes darker, more driven, as Amir had made a choice to take in his half-nephew. But this new tone also opens Amir up to the feelings of guilt and self-blame that occurs when Sohrab attempts suicide. Perhaps it was this tone that Baba and Rahim Kahn held inside their own personal monologues for so long. Another reason was Amir’s narrative voice is so significant is that Amir decides when

Essay on Antony and Cleopatra - 1655 Words

As a onetime outpost of Rome, England was greatly influenced by Roman genealogy-ancestors that were god-like (Mars), superhuman (Hercules), fearless warriors (Pompey) who flourished in a patriarchal society (ancient 4). I would like to discuss how Shakespeare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth century Englands cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of masculinity defined in terms of power to masculinity rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a country is the head of the nobility(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight side by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this tradition with her femininity and physical†¦show more content†¦Pompey is strong at sea, And it appears he is beloved of those That only have feared Caesar. To the ports The discontents repair, and mens reports Give him much wronged. (1.4.34-40) This passage speaks of important activity all of which deals with the power that comes from Caesars past exploits and the current campaign in which Pompey equals Caesars achievement of honor. Compare this to the conversation Caesar and Lepidus have about Antonys change in character. Our great competitor. From Alexandria This is the news: he fishes, drinks, and wastes The lamps of night in revel; is not more manlike Than Cleopatra, nor the queen of Ptolemy More womanly than he; hardly gave audience, or Vouchsafed to think he had partners. You shall find there A man who is the abstract of all faults That all men follow. (1.4.3) From Bacons perspective, as well as Caesars, Antonys behavior is slothful and is viewed as stripping him of his manly honour. His manners have slid from those of a powerful military leader to those of a drunk. His masculinity is described as equal to Cleopatras femininity. He deserves this criticism because he chooses to retreat from war in favour of sensual pleasure. Although he is a Roman warrior, he realizes that it is the activity of life, not war, that he yearns to explore. Encased in the mold of Roman virtus, i.e. courage and leadership, is a place ofShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Presentation of Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra2014 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Presentation of Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra The presentation of Cleopatra in Act three Scene thirteen is quite ambiguous. Her presentation in the rest of the play is also very contrasting and distinct. 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